Today in Linquip, we’re going to discuss everything about DC motors, their types, and applications. As you may know, a DC motor or a direct connection motor is referred to as any type of rotary electric motors that converts direct electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are four main types of DC motor, all of which are used for different applications. If you want to know everything about a DC motor, DC motor types, and their utilizations.
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What is a DC Motor?
It’s interesting to know that DC motors are everywhere. Unlike its bizarre name, direct connection motors are everywhere around us, and they’re making our lives much more comfortable. In a nutshell, any device that uses electricity to provide various motions is doing it using DCmotor types.
Now that you know what a direct connection motor is let’s dive deeper into the concept and discuss the types of direct connection motors and their application in the industrial field.
How Many Types of DC Motor Are There?
There are four main types of direct connection motors:
- Permanent Magnet DC Motor
- Series DC Motors
- Shunt DC Motors
- Compound DC Motors
If you want to understand how direct connection motors work and what utilizations they have, you need to get familiar with their different types.
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1. Permanent Magnet DC Motor
The permanent magnet motors work by a permanent magnet to make a field flux. A PM direct connection motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame. Instead, it uses permanent magnets to provide a magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque.
This type of direct connection motor makes excellent starting torque, and it has good speed regulation.
2. Series DC Motors
In the series DC motors or series wound DC motors, the entire armature current flows through the field winding. Usually, this DCmotor type creates a large amount of starting torque, but it can’t regulate speed, and even running with no load can damage it. Therefore, these limitations make series DC motors, not a good option for variable speed drive applications.
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3. Shunt DC Motors
Shunt DC motors are a type of direct connection motors in which the shunt field winding is only parallel to the armature winding and not the series field winding. Shunt DC motors are also known as compound wound DC motors. Shunt DC motors provide excellent speed regulation, as the shunt field can be excited separately from the armature windings. This feature of shunt direct connection motors provides simplified reversing controls.
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4. Compound DC Motors
Compound DCmotors or compound wound motors have both series and shunt field windings. These types of motors offer good starting torque, but they may have control problems in variable speed drive applications. These motors can be connected to two arrangements: cumulatively and differentially. The cumulative type connects the series field to aid the shunt field, providing higher starting torque but less speed regulation. The differential type has good speed regulation and usually operates at a constant speed.
Various DC Motor Applications
In general, DC motors are used as variable speed drives and for the applications in which sever, torque variations occur. Now that you’re familiar with different DCmotor types let’s get through their usages and applications.
Series DC motors are generally used where high starting torque is required, and speed variations are possible. These types of direct connection motors are, for instance, used in the traction system, cranes, air compressors, vacuum cleaners, sewing machines, etc.
Shunt DC motors are used for applications where you need constant speed, and the starting conditions are not severe. The shunt direct connection motors applications are in lathe machines, centrifugal pumps, fans, blowers, conveyors, lifts, waving machines, spinning machines, etc.
Compound wound motors are usually used where you need higher starting torque and relatively constant speed. The compound DC motors applications are in presses, shears, conveyors, elevators, rolling mills, heavy planners, etc.
What Are the Main Parts of a DC Motor?
DC motors are composed of the following components: a stator, a rotor, a yoke, poles, armature windings, field windings, commutator, and brushes. Many of its parts are similar to those in AC motors, but there are a few differences.
What are the Advantages of DC Motors?
Comparing with the AC motors that converts alternating current into mechanical power, DC motors have some advantages you might want to consider.
Generally, direct connection motors have higher starting torque than alternating current ones. This feature makes it easier to get things moving. The only problem of this feature is that you can’t start them unless they are under a load. If a DC motor doesn’t have a load to start, it can burn out fast.
The other advantage of various DC motor types is that they generate a speed-torque curve that’s more linear than the AC motors. This feature is actually due to the curve plotted between the torque and the motor’s speed, which explains the relationship between how fast the motor spins and how much torque it can generate.
The ability to control the speed is the other upper hand of direct connection motors. If you’re working with heavy load systems, the ability to control the speed becomes very crucial, and it determines whether you’ll end up with a successful job or a burned out motor. Therefore, DC motors are ideal for any job needing constant low-speed torque or variable torque.
Another important point to consider is that DC motors are easier to install compared to the AC motors. They also need less maintenance and are easier to repair. If your industrial types of equipment are set up to use DC motors, replacing a broken one with a DC motor is quick and easy. While replacing it with an AC motor will force you to redesign the whole motor circuit.
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Final thoughts
In this article, we went through all the important points about direct connection motors. Different DCmotor types offer you various applications, and you need to choose the ones which fit the most with your requirements.
If you want to buy a direct connection motor, apart from the DC motor price, you need to go through all the characteristics we discussed in this article and opt for one with awareness. You can always stay in touch with the Linquip team for further consultations. To do so, you can Sign Up on Linquip and get your exclusive consultation.
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FAQs
What are the applications of different types of DC motors? ›
Major applications for DC motors are: elevators, steel mills, rolling mills, locomotives, and excavators. Like other rotating machines, DC motors result from the interaction of two magnets.
What are the different types of DC motors explain? ›There are 3 main types of DC motor that are available: Series, Shunt and Compound. These terms relate to the type of connection of the field windings with respect to the armature circuit. Our blog post takes a look at these three types of DC motor and explains their unique properties and where they might be used.
What are the different types of DC generator explain them briefly 4? ›DC generators are mainly categorised into three types based on the field excitation methods. They are Permanent Magnet DC generator, Separately Excited DC generator, and Self-Excited DC generator.
What are the applications of DC shunt motor and DC series motor? ›D.C. shunt motor is used to drive pumps, lathes machine tools, prime mover for generators due to constant speed characteristic. D.C. series motor: This has a very high starting torque. Hence it is used in applications like traction, cranes, and hoists etc.
What are the applications of DC compound motor? ›Compound DC motors offer both high starting torque and good speed control, making compound DC motors suitable for a variety of applications such as business machines, machine tools, agitators, shears, presses, and reciprocating machines.
Which type of DC motor is used for sudden application? ›Cumulative compound motor: It has high starting torque and has varying speed within limits i.e. it has self-adjustable speed with changing load. These are used where we require sudden heavy loads for a short duration.
What is the difference between different types of motors? ›We know there are generally two types of motors, AC motor, and DC motor. AC motors are flexible for speed control and demand low power during start. On the other hand, DC motors are widely used due to its initial cost of low power units is less compared to AC and can be easily installed.
What is the most common DC motor? ›The two most common types of DC motors are known as brush DC and brushless DC (BLDC). Although the underlying physics is the same, their construction, performance characteristics, and means of control are very different.
What are the application of motors? ›Applications include industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, vehicles, and disk drives. Small motors may be found in electric watches.
Is a fan a DC motor? ›Most ceiling fans, as well as most household appliances, use AC motors, as AC is the type of current distributed by power companies. AC motors function by being connected directly to a power source. This power source is what creates the moment of force required to rotate the motor's rotor.
Is fan motor A DC motor? ›
This magnetic field then creates a torque that causes the motor to rotate. Ceiling fans specifically use the brushless DC motor, that is, the synchronous DC motor. DC motors require less electrical energy and help to minimize power consumption up to 70%.
What are the 4 types of DC voltage usually produced by a power supply? ›DC power supplies have four basic outputs: constant voltage, constant current, voltage limit, and current limit.
What are the 4 types of generator? ›Based on applications various types of generators include portable generators, inverter generators, standby generators, industrial generators and induction generators.
What are the four main parts of a DC generator? ›- Figure 1. DC generators are made up of field windings, an armature, a commutator, brushes, and a frame.
- Figure 2. ...
- Figure 3. ...
- Figure 4.
They are used for loads that requires speed control. Typical applications of wound rotor or slip ring induction motors are crushers, plunger pumps, cranes & hoists, elevators, compressors and conveyors.
What is the major application of speed controllers of DC motor? ›The speed control mechanism is applicable in many cases like controlling the movement of robotic vehicles, movement of motors in paper mills and the movement of motors in elevators where different types of DC motors are used. Speed control of DC motor is one of the most useful features of the motor.
What are the applications of separately excited DC motor? ›Separately excited DC motors are often used as actuators in trains and automotive traction applications. For their constant speed characteristics, shunt DC motors are used in fixed speed applications such as fans. square of armature current), they can be used in applications that require high starting torque.
What applications use DC current? ›Most household appliances and consumer electronics—cellphones, laptops, microwaves, light bulbs, you name it—use direct current (DC) electricity.
What is application of DC long shunt motor? ›The applications of shunt DC motor include the following. These motors are used wherever stable speed is required. This kind of DC motor can be used in Centrifugal Pumps, Lifts, Weaving Machine, Lathe Machines, Blowers, Fans, Conveyors, Spinning machines, etc.
What is motor application types? ›The applications of electric motors primarily include fans, blowers, machine tools, turbines, pumps, power tools, compressors, alternators, rolling mills, movers, ships, and paper mills.
Which of the following type of DC motor is best suited for application? ›
DC series motor is best suited for DC traction, as it provides high starting torque and easy speed control which is primary requirement of DC traction.
What are the difference between the two main types of DC motor? ›In brush DC motors, current is applied to the rotor by brushes. In a brushless DC motor, the rotor has a permanent magnet. Since DC motors are everywhere and used for a wide variety of applications, there is a different type to meet the needs of every application.
Which type of motor is used the most? ›Without a doubt, the standard induction motor which is the workhorse used in most industrial applications. These can be either three-phase or single-phase machines which operate on the same principle of induced currents in the rotor.
Which is the best type of DC motor? ›Series wound DC motors are best for applications that require high startup torque, without the need for speed regulation. Like a shunt motor, as a load is applied to a DC series motor, the motor speed decreases, which reduces the back EMF and increases the net voltage.
What are the names of the 2 most popular DC motor? ›Brushed and Brushless DC Motors
DC motors are electromagnetic devices that use the interaction of magnetic fields and conductors to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy for rotation. There are many types of DC motors out in the market. The brushed and brushless motors are the most common DC motors.
There are two types of commonly used DC motors: Brushed motors, and brushless motors (or BLDC motors). As their names imply, DC brushed motors have brushes, which are used to commutate the motor to cause it to spin. Brushless motors replace the mechanical commutation function with electronic control.
What are the 3 main parts of DC motor? ›Different Parts of a DC Motor. Armature or Rotor. Field Coil or Stator. Commutator and Brushes.
Which DC motor is mostly used? ›The permanent magnet DC motor is the most popular due to its simple design. The separately excited DC motor and self-excited DC motor do not have permanent magnets in the stator; instead, these DC motors use electromagnets in the stator.
What is the application of DC shunt motor? ›Shunt DC motors are utilized in Centrifugal Pumps, Lifts, Weaving Machines, Lathe Machines, Blowers, Fans, Conveyors, Spinning Machines, and other appli- cations where a consistent speed is required.
What is basic DC motor? ›A simple DC motor uses a stationary set of magnets in the stator, and a coil of wire with a current running through it to generate an electromagnetic field aligned with the centre of the coil. One or more windings of insulated wire are wrapped around the core of the motor to concentrate the magnetic field.
What are the DC motors parts and functions? ›
The D.C series motor is consists of a rotor (armature), commutator, stator, axle, field windings, and brushes. The fixed component of the motor is the stator and is constructed with two or more electromagnet pole parts. The rotor consists of the armature and windings at the associated core for the armature.
What are the DC motor parts and its function? ›DC motors include two key components: a stator and an armature. The stator is the stationary part of a motor, while the armature rotates. In a DC motor, the stator provides a rotating magnetic field that drives the armature to rotate.
Which type of DC motor is used for constant speed applications? ›A shunt motor is a direct current motor having two parallel windings that have the same voltage across them. Induced voltage is proportional to speed in a shunt motor, and torque is proportional to armature current. Which DC motor has a constant rotational speed? DC shunt motor always maintains a constant speed.